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stdClass Object ( [id] => 1101175 [title] => Zašto se cjepivo protiv covida ubrizgava u nadlaktični mišić? [alias] => zasto-se-cjepivo-protiv-covida-ubrizgava-u-nadlakticni-misic [catid] => 265 [published] => 1 [introtext] => [fulltext] =>

Milijuni ljudi u posljednjih su nekoliko mjeseci zasukali rukave da bi primili cjepivo protiv covida-19, no zašto umjesto rukava nisu 'zasukali' nogavice hlača? I zašto najčešće primamo cjepivo u nadlaktični mišić?

Kao izvanredna profesorica sestrinstva na Sveučilištu Purdue s iskustvom u javnom zdravstvu i kao majka dvoje znatiželjne djece, Libby Richards ovo pitanje čuje prilično često pa je s laicima odlučila podijeliti 'nauku' koja stoji iza njega.

Najprije treba reći da se većina, ali ne sva cjepiva, daju u mišić. To se naziva intramuskularna injekcija, prenosi portal ScienceAlert.

Neka među njima, poput cjepiva protiv rotavirusa daju se oralno, a treća se ubrizgavaju u potkožno tkivo, poput cjepiva protiv ospica, zaušnjaka i rubeole. 

No zbog čega je mišić toliko važan i je li važno mjesto uboda? I zašto se cjepivo ubrizgava u takozvani deltoidni mišić, trokutasti mišić ramena?

Mišićno tkivo sadrži važne imunosne stanice

Mišići su izvrsno mjesto za primjenu cjepiva jer njihovo tkivo sadrži važne imunosne stanice koje prepoznaju antigen, sitan fragment virusa ili bakterije koja se uvodi cjepivom i stimulira imunosnu reakciju.

U slučaju cjepiva protiv covida-19, ono ne uvodi antigen, već daje upute za proizvodnju antigena. Imunosne stanice u mišićnom tkivu prikupljaju antigene i predočavaju ih limfnim čvorovima.

Ubrizgavanje cjepiva u mišićno tkivo održava cjepivo lokaliziranim, omogućujući imunosnim stanicama da alarmiraju ostale imunosne stanice i prionu poslu.

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Srdan Vrancic/Cropix
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Čim imunosne stanice u mišiću prepoznaju cjepivo, one prenose antigen u limfne žile, koje zatim transportiraju imunosne stanice s antigenom do limfnih čvorova.

Limfni čvorovi, ključna komponenta našega imunosnog sustava, sadrže više imunosnih stanica koje prepoznaju antigene iz cjepiva te započinju imunološki proces stvaranja antitijela.

Grupe limfnih čvorova nalaze se u područjima blizu mjesta primjene cjepiva. Primjerice, mnoga se cjepiva ubrizgavaju u deltoidni mišić jer se nalazi blizu limfnih čvorova smještenih ispod pazuha. Kad se cjepiva daju u područje bedra, limfne žile su nedaleko od grupe limfnih čvorova u preponama.

Mišići održavaju aktivnost lokaliziranom

Mišićno tkivo istodobno nastoji zadržati reakciju na cjepivo lokaliziranom, odnosno ograničenom na određeno mjesto. Zato ubrizgavanje cjepiva u deltoidni mišić može rezultirati lokalnom upalom ili boli na mjestu uboda.

Ako se određene vrste cjepiva ubrizgaju u masno tkivo, povećavaju se izgledi za iritacije ili upalne reakcije jer je masno tkivo slabije opskrbljeno krvlju, što rezultira i slabijom apsorpcijom nekih sastojaka cjepiva.

Cjepiva kod kojih su potrebna pomoćna sredstva ili sastojci koji pojačavaju imunosni odgovor na antigen, moraju se ubrizgati u mišić da bi se izbjegla veća iritacija i upala. Ti dodaci djeluju na razne načine da bi potaknuli što jaču imunosnu reakciju.
Postoji još jedan odlučujući čimbenik kada je posrijedi mjesto primjene cjepiva, a to je veličina mišića.

Odrasli i djeca u dobi od tri i više godina cjepivo dobivaju u deltoidni mišić nadlaktice, a mlađa djeca cjepivo će dobiti na sredini bedrenog mišića jer su im mišići ruku maleni i još uvijek slabije razvijeni.

Sljedeće pitanje u sklopu primjene cjepiva odnosi se na praktičnost, kaže Richards te postavlja jedno retoričko: "Možete li zamisliti ljude kako skidaju hlače u prostoru u kojemu se obavlja masovno cijepljenje? Zasukati rukav puno je jednostavnije i prikladnije."

Razne zarazne bolesti, poput sezonske gripe ili epidemije covida-19, zahtijevaju da se kroz sustav javnog zdravstva cijepi što više ljudi u što kraćem razdoblju.

Kada se u obzir uzme sve navedeno, u slučaju cijepljenja protiv gripe ili covida, mišić nadlaktice se preferira je taj dio ruke najlakše dostupan medicinskom osoblju.

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Milijuni ljudi u posljednjih su nekoliko mjeseci zasukali rukave da bi primili cjepivo protiv covida-19, no zašto umjesto rukava nisu 'zasukali' nogavice hlača? I zašto najčešće primamo cjepivo u nadlaktični mišić?

Kao izvanredna profesorica sestrinstva na Sveučilištu Purdue s iskustvom u javnom zdravstvu i kao majka dvoje znatiželjne djece, Libby Richards ovo pitanje čuje prilično često pa je s laicima odlučila podijeliti 'nauku' koja stoji iza njega.

Najprije treba reći da se većina, ali ne sva cjepiva, daju u mišić. To se naziva intramuskularna injekcija, prenosi portal ScienceAlert.

Neka među njima, poput cjepiva protiv rotavirusa daju se oralno, a treća se ubrizgavaju u potkožno tkivo, poput cjepiva protiv ospica, zaušnjaka i rubeole. 

No zbog čega je mišić toliko važan i je li važno mjesto uboda? I zašto se cjepivo ubrizgava u takozvani deltoidni mišić, trokutasti mišić ramena?

Mišićno tkivo sadrži važne imunosne stanice

Mišići su izvrsno mjesto za primjenu cjepiva jer njihovo tkivo sadrži važne imunosne stanice koje prepoznaju antigen, sitan fragment virusa ili bakterije koja se uvodi cjepivom i stimulira imunosnu reakciju.

U slučaju cjepiva protiv covida-19, ono ne uvodi antigen, već daje upute za proizvodnju antigena. Imunosne stanice u mišićnom tkivu prikupljaju antigene i predočavaju ih limfnim čvorovima.

Ubrizgavanje cjepiva u mišićno tkivo održava cjepivo lokaliziranim, omogućujući imunosnim stanicama da alarmiraju ostale imunosne stanice i prionu poslu.

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Srdan Vrancic/Cropix
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Čim imunosne stanice u mišiću prepoznaju cjepivo, one prenose antigen u limfne žile, koje zatim transportiraju imunosne stanice s antigenom do limfnih čvorova.

Limfni čvorovi, ključna komponenta našega imunosnog sustava, sadrže više imunosnih stanica koje prepoznaju antigene iz cjepiva te započinju imunološki proces stvaranja antitijela.

Grupe limfnih čvorova nalaze se u područjima blizu mjesta primjene cjepiva. Primjerice, mnoga se cjepiva ubrizgavaju u deltoidni mišić jer se nalazi blizu limfnih čvorova smještenih ispod pazuha. Kad se cjepiva daju u područje bedra, limfne žile su nedaleko od grupe limfnih čvorova u preponama.

Mišići održavaju aktivnost lokaliziranom

Mišićno tkivo istodobno nastoji zadržati reakciju na cjepivo lokaliziranom, odnosno ograničenom na određeno mjesto. Zato ubrizgavanje cjepiva u deltoidni mišić može rezultirati lokalnom upalom ili boli na mjestu uboda.

Ako se određene vrste cjepiva ubrizgaju u masno tkivo, povećavaju se izgledi za iritacije ili upalne reakcije jer je masno tkivo slabije opskrbljeno krvlju, što rezultira i slabijom apsorpcijom nekih sastojaka cjepiva.

Cjepiva kod kojih su potrebna pomoćna sredstva ili sastojci koji pojačavaju imunosni odgovor na antigen, moraju se ubrizgati u mišić da bi se izbjegla veća iritacija i upala. Ti dodaci djeluju na razne načine da bi potaknuli što jaču imunosnu reakciju.
Postoji još jedan odlučujući čimbenik kada je posrijedi mjesto primjene cjepiva, a to je veličina mišića.

Odrasli i djeca u dobi od tri i više godina cjepivo dobivaju u deltoidni mišić nadlaktice, a mlađa djeca cjepivo će dobiti na sredini bedrenog mišića jer su im mišići ruku maleni i još uvijek slabije razvijeni.

Sljedeće pitanje u sklopu primjene cjepiva odnosi se na praktičnost, kaže Richards te postavlja jedno retoričko: "Možete li zamisliti ljude kako skidaju hlače u prostoru u kojemu se obavlja masovno cijepljenje? Zasukati rukav puno je jednostavnije i prikladnije."

Razne zarazne bolesti, poput sezonske gripe ili epidemije covida-19, zahtijevaju da se kroz sustav javnog zdravstva cijepi što više ljudi u što kraćem razdoblju.

Kada se u obzir uzme sve navedeno, u slučaju cijepljenja protiv gripe ili covida, mišić nadlaktice se preferira je taj dio ruke najlakše dostupan medicinskom osoblju.

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Ivo Ravlic/Cropix Srdan Vrancic/Cropix
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StoryEditorOCM
ZdravljeZasučimo rukave

Zašto se cjepivo protiv covida ubrizgava u nadlaktični mišić?

Piše Hina
25. svibnja 2021. - 13:58
17871110
PREMIUM
Ivo Ravlic/Cropix

Milijuni ljudi u posljednjih su nekoliko mjeseci zasukali rukave da bi primili cjepivo protiv covida-19, no zašto umjesto rukava nisu 'zasukali' nogavice hlača? I zašto najčešće primamo cjepivo u nadlaktični mišić?

Kao izvanredna profesorica sestrinstva na Sveučilištu Purdue s iskustvom u javnom zdravstvu i kao majka dvoje znatiželjne djece, Libby Richards ovo pitanje čuje prilično često pa je s laicima odlučila podijeliti 'nauku' koja stoji iza njega.

Najprije treba reći da se većina, ali ne sva cjepiva, daju u mišić. To se naziva intramuskularna injekcija, prenosi portal ScienceAlert.

Neka među njima, poput cjepiva protiv rotavirusa daju se oralno, a treća se ubrizgavaju u potkožno tkivo, poput cjepiva protiv ospica, zaušnjaka i rubeole. 

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21. svibanj 2024 02:01