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Lidia Morawska, fizičarku s Tehnološkog sveučilišta u Queenslandu, već godinama proučava načine širenja virusa. Prvi put je radila na sličnom projektu kada se 2003. počeo širti SARS, a sada to nastavlja činiti s koronavirusom. Uzima doduše nekonvencionalan pristup. Umjesto da promatra kako ljudi udišu virus jedni od drugih, ona je ide u obrnutim smjeru: proučava izdah koji otkriva zašto su neki ljudi superširitelji dok drugi zaraze vrlo malen broj ljudi, piše Nathional Geographic.

Ono što ustvari radi je da pokušava shvatiti načine na koji naša pluća lansiraju u zrak zarazni materijal, naime najsitnije kapljice dišnog sustava nazvane aerosolima. Razumijevanje nastanka aerosola u tijelu presudno je za utvrđivanje zašto se ovaj virus tako brzo širi i što potiče prekomjerno širenje, gdje mali broj nositelja bolesti na kraju zarazi mnoge pojedince što je čest slučaj.

Primijetila je određene atribute koji su češći kod superširitelja poput ubrzanog rada srca, građe tijela ili ponašanja koje uključuje glasno govorenje što ima glavnu ulogu u širenju virusa. Pjevanje je tako iznimno pogodno širenju virusa zbog čega su u početku pandemije karaoke barovi bili česta mjesta zaraze.

Znanstvenici s područja fizike koji se bave aerosolima objašnjavaju da se najmanji stvaraju u dubljem dijelu respiratornog trakta, bronhiolama, i oni su posebno važni za prijenos bolesti jer mogu duže ostati u zraku i putovati dalje u usporedbi s velikim kapljicama koje brzo padaju. Nešto se slično kao u bronhiolama događa se u najvišem dijelu u respiratornog trakta, u dijelu grkljana koji stvara zvuk, dakle u glasnicama.

Iako su općenite mehanike stvaranja respiratornih aerosola jednake među ljudima, postoji velika razlika u tome koliko ih zapravo pojedinci proizvode. Pogledajte gomilu ljudi koji hladnog dana stoje pokraj autobusne stanice i primijetit ćete da magla svačijeg daha izgleda posve različito u pogledu veličine. To ne čudi jer je respiratorni trakt sačinjen od velikog broja dijelova koji se razlikuju od čovjeka do čovjeka.

Svakako je jasno da osobe koje pričaju glasnije zbog mjesta nastanka aerosola izbacuju njihovu veću količinu, ali istraživanja su pokazala i da neki ispitanici koji govore jednako tiho pokazuju značajne razlike u njihovom emitiranju. Moraju postojati neke vrste fizioloških razloga koji na to utječu. Najbliži zaključak za sada je da se radi o gustoći i viskoznosti tekućine u tijelu osobe.

Pokazalo se da osobe koje udišu slanu vodenu paru koja je manje viskozna od respiratorne tekućine prepune sluzi tjera pojedince da stvaraju manje čestica aerosola. Komplicira to što respiratorna infekcija može uzrokovati promjene u respiratornim tekućinama. Na primjer, viskoznost respiratorne sluznice povećava se tijekom bronhijalnih infekcija poput bakterijske upale pluća i jake gripe zbog gubitka vode i povećane proizvodnje staničnih proteina. Kronična stanja poput astme i cistične fibroze mogu također zgusnuti tekućinu što tjera na zaključak da će zaražene osobe emitirati više aerosola koji su k tome zarazni. 

Da rezimiramo, broj otkucaja srca u minuti, oblik respiratornih organa kao ni viskoznost tekućine nisu stvari na koje možemo utjecati, ali glasnoća govora kao i izbjegavanje pjevanja mogli bi pomoći u sprečavanju velike zaraze, baš kao i obavezno distanciranje i nošenje maski.

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Lidia Morawska, fizičarku s Tehnološkog sveučilišta u Queenslandu, već godinama proučava načine širenja virusa. Prvi put je radila na sličnom projektu kada se 2003. počeo širti SARS, a sada to nastavlja činiti s koronavirusom. Uzima doduše nekonvencionalan pristup. Umjesto da promatra kako ljudi udišu virus jedni od drugih, ona je ide u obrnutim smjeru: proučava izdah koji otkriva zašto su neki ljudi superširitelji dok drugi zaraze vrlo malen broj ljudi, piše Nathional Geographic.

Ono što ustvari radi je da pokušava shvatiti načine na koji naša pluća lansiraju u zrak zarazni materijal, naime najsitnije kapljice dišnog sustava nazvane aerosolima. Razumijevanje nastanka aerosola u tijelu presudno je za utvrđivanje zašto se ovaj virus tako brzo širi i što potiče prekomjerno širenje, gdje mali broj nositelja bolesti na kraju zarazi mnoge pojedince što je čest slučaj.

Primijetila je određene atribute koji su češći kod superširitelja poput ubrzanog rada srca, građe tijela ili ponašanja koje uključuje glasno govorenje što ima glavnu ulogu u širenju virusa. Pjevanje je tako iznimno pogodno širenju virusa zbog čega su u početku pandemije karaoke barovi bili česta mjesta zaraze.

Znanstvenici s područja fizike koji se bave aerosolima objašnjavaju da se najmanji stvaraju u dubljem dijelu respiratornog trakta, bronhiolama, i oni su posebno važni za prijenos bolesti jer mogu duže ostati u zraku i putovati dalje u usporedbi s velikim kapljicama koje brzo padaju. Nešto se slično kao u bronhiolama događa se u najvišem dijelu u respiratornog trakta, u dijelu grkljana koji stvara zvuk, dakle u glasnicama.

Iako su općenite mehanike stvaranja respiratornih aerosola jednake među ljudima, postoji velika razlika u tome koliko ih zapravo pojedinci proizvode. Pogledajte gomilu ljudi koji hladnog dana stoje pokraj autobusne stanice i primijetit ćete da magla svačijeg daha izgleda posve različito u pogledu veličine. To ne čudi jer je respiratorni trakt sačinjen od velikog broja dijelova koji se razlikuju od čovjeka do čovjeka.

Svakako je jasno da osobe koje pričaju glasnije zbog mjesta nastanka aerosola izbacuju njihovu veću količinu, ali istraživanja su pokazala i da neki ispitanici koji govore jednako tiho pokazuju značajne razlike u njihovom emitiranju. Moraju postojati neke vrste fizioloških razloga koji na to utječu. Najbliži zaključak za sada je da se radi o gustoći i viskoznosti tekućine u tijelu osobe.

Pokazalo se da osobe koje udišu slanu vodenu paru koja je manje viskozna od respiratorne tekućine prepune sluzi tjera pojedince da stvaraju manje čestica aerosola. Komplicira to što respiratorna infekcija može uzrokovati promjene u respiratornim tekućinama. Na primjer, viskoznost respiratorne sluznice povećava se tijekom bronhijalnih infekcija poput bakterijske upale pluća i jake gripe zbog gubitka vode i povećane proizvodnje staničnih proteina. Kronična stanja poput astme i cistične fibroze mogu također zgusnuti tekućinu što tjera na zaključak da će zaražene osobe emitirati više aerosola koji su k tome zarazni. 

Da rezimiramo, broj otkucaja srca u minuti, oblik respiratornih organa kao ni viskoznost tekućine nisu stvari na koje možemo utjecati, ali glasnoća govora kao i izbjegavanje pjevanja mogli bi pomoći u sprečavanju velike zaraze, baš kao i obavezno distanciranje i nošenje maski.

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Znanstvenici objašnjavaju zašto su neki ljudi superširitelji Covida-19 dok drugi zaraze vrlo mali broj ljudi

Piše PSD
28. listopada 2020. - 14:23
15124832
PREMIUM
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Lidia Morawska, fizičarku s Tehnološkog sveučilišta u Queenslandu, već godinama proučava načine širenja virusa. Prvi put je radila na sličnom projektu kada se 2003. počeo širti SARS, a sada to nastavlja činiti s koronavirusom. Uzima doduše nekonvencionalan pristup. Umjesto da promatra kako ljudi udišu virus jedni od drugih, ona je ide u obrnutim smjeru: proučava izdah koji otkriva zašto su neki ljudi superširitelji dok drugi zaraze vrlo malen broj ljudi, piše Nathional Geographic.

Ono što ustvari radi je da pokušava shvatiti načine na koji naša pluća lansiraju u zrak zarazni materijal, naime najsitnije kapljice dišnog sustava nazvane aerosolima. Razumijevanje nastanka aerosola u tijelu presudno je za utvrđivanje zašto se ovaj virus tako brzo širi i što...

#SUPERŠIRITELJ#ŠIRENJE KORONAVIRUSA
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