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[title] => U Španjolskoj zabranili noćne berbe maslina, razlog su - ptice. Brojke su milijunske, a u pozadini se odvija morbidni ilegalni biznis
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Nakon što je pretprošle godine pokrenuta velika kampanja, a predvodile su je različite organizacije za zaštitu životinja i okoliša, u prošlosezonskoj berbi maslina na Pirinejskom poluotoku konačno nije smjelo biti pokolja ptica koje su se na svojim sezonskim migracijama prema jugu odmarale u tamošnjim maslinicima.
Naime, u mediteranskim zemljama koje su veliki proizvođači maslinova ulja već godinama je bila praksa da se masline beru i noću uz pomoć snažnih strojeva koji usisavaju plodove sa stabala, pri čemu su usisavali i ubijali ptice koje su noću potražile sklonište za odmor u krošnjama maslina. Podaci su kazivali kako su na taj način ubijeni milijuni ptica selica u mediteranskom području.
Mnoge vrste ptica pjevica zimi migriraju iz sjeverne i srednje Europe u sjevernu Afriku i na tom putu se zbog odmora zaustavljaju u južnoj Španjolskoj, Portugalu, Francuskoj i Italiji. U velikim poljoprivrednim regijama nasadi maslina su jedina stabla koja nude zaštitu i sklonište za odmor stotina vrsta ptica selica. No, veliki broj ne doživi nastavak putovanja jer ih sa stabala maslina usisaju moćni strojevi kojima se tijekom noći beru masline.
Procjene kazuju kako se samo u španjolskoj Andaluziji na taj način tijekom berbe maslina svake godine usmrti 2,6 milijuna ptica, a u Portugalu 96.000 svake zime. U Francuskoj i Italiji nema statistike o pomoru ptica, ali i tamo se sasvim sigurno mrtve ptice mogu izbrojati u milijunima.
Snažna svjetla sa strojeva za usisavanje maslina dezorijentiraju ptice zbog čega ne uspijevaju pobjeći iz krošanja kad započne noćna berba na koju se maslinari često odlučuju jer niže temperature čuvaju kvalitetu i aromu maslina. Takav način branja maslina tijekom dana nije ni približno opasan za ptice koje mogu pobjeći kad vide i čuju dolazak teške mašinerije.
Borba protiv takvog način berbe maslina i uništavanja ptica započela je u španjolskoj Andaluziji 2018. godine kad je objavljeno prvo izvješće koje je povezivalo intenzivnu proizvodnju maslinova ulja, mehaničko noćno branje i smrti divljih ptica. Brojke su bile šokantne: oko stotinu mrtvih ptica po hektaru.
Slike mrtvih drozdova, zeba i drugih ptica među svježe ubranim maslinama također su učinile svoje i ljubitelji ptica, zaštitnici okoliša i različite druge organizacije počele su zahtijevali zabranu takvog načina branja maslina, a bilo je i onih koji su pozivali na bojkot proizvoda od maslina.
Tri godine kasnije napori su urodili plodom, Španjolska i Portugal su analizirali stvarni katastrofalni učinak na ptičji svijet mehaničkog branja maslina noću i došli do brojki od 30 do sto mrtvih ptica po hektaru. Konačno su krajem pretprošle i početkom prošle godine, nakon iznesenih dokaza i međunarodnog pritiska, noćne berbe usisavanjem privremeno zabranjene u španjolskim i portugalskim maslinicima.
U Španjolskoj je šumarski institut zatražio i da se pojačaju kontrole kako bi se osiguralo da maslinari poštuju odluku.
Tijekom istrage vezane uz usmrćivanje ptica tijekom noćnog branja maslina, ustvrđeno je i kako brojni maslinari mrtve ptice prodaju lokalnim hotelima koji ih nude svojim gostima što je, dakako, nezakonita rabota s obzirom da se nerijetko radi o ugroženim i zaštićenim vrstama ptica, a opasno je i za zdravlje ljudi.
Španjolska privremena zabrana noćnog usisavanja maslina ostat će na snazi dok ministarstvo poljoprivrede i ribarstva ne provede studiju o utjecaju takvog načina branja na populaciju ptica selica.
U Portugalu će se privremena zabrana obnavljati svake godine, ali zaštitnici ptica i okoliša smatraju kako zabrana treba biti trajna.
Francuska i Italija zasad ignoriraju ovu problematiku i ne slijede primjer svojih zapadnih mediteranskih susjeda.
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Nakon što je pretprošle godine pokrenuta velika kampanja, a predvodile su je različite organizacije za zaštitu životinja i okoliša, u prošlosezonskoj berbi maslina na Pirinejskom poluotoku konačno nije smjelo biti pokolja ptica koje su se na svojim sezonskim migracijama prema jugu odmarale u tamošnjim maslinicima.
Naime, u mediteranskim zemljama koje su veliki proizvođači maslinova ulja već godinama je bila praksa da se masline beru i noću uz pomoć snažnih strojeva koji usisavaju plodove sa stabala, pri čemu su usisavali i ubijali ptice koje su noću potražile sklonište za odmor u krošnjama maslina. Podaci su kazivali kako su na taj način ubijeni milijuni ptica selica u mediteranskom području.
Mnoge vrste ptica pjevica zimi migriraju iz sjeverne i srednje Europe u sjevernu Afriku i na tom putu se zbog odmora zaustavljaju u južnoj Španjolskoj, Portugalu, Francuskoj i Italiji. U velikim poljoprivrednim regijama nasadi maslina su jedina stabla koja nude zaštitu i sklonište za odmor stotina vrsta ptica selica. No, veliki broj ne doživi nastavak putovanja jer ih sa stabala maslina usisaju moćni strojevi kojima se tijekom noći beru masline.
Procjene kazuju kako se samo u španjolskoj Andaluziji na taj način tijekom berbe maslina svake godine usmrti 2,6 milijuna ptica, a u Portugalu 96.000 svake zime. U Francuskoj i Italiji nema statistike o pomoru ptica, ali i tamo se sasvim sigurno mrtve ptice mogu izbrojati u milijunima.
Snažna svjetla sa strojeva za usisavanje maslina dezorijentiraju ptice zbog čega ne uspijevaju pobjeći iz krošanja kad započne noćna berba na koju se maslinari često odlučuju jer niže temperature čuvaju kvalitetu i aromu maslina. Takav način branja maslina tijekom dana nije ni približno opasan za ptice koje mogu pobjeći kad vide i čuju dolazak teške mašinerije.
Borba protiv takvog način berbe maslina i uništavanja ptica započela je u španjolskoj Andaluziji 2018. godine kad je objavljeno prvo izvješće koje je povezivalo intenzivnu proizvodnju maslinova ulja, mehaničko noćno branje i smrti divljih ptica. Brojke su bile šokantne: oko stotinu mrtvih ptica po hektaru.
Slike mrtvih drozdova, zeba i drugih ptica među svježe ubranim maslinama također su učinile svoje i ljubitelji ptica, zaštitnici okoliša i različite druge organizacije počele su zahtijevali zabranu takvog načina branja maslina, a bilo je i onih koji su pozivali na bojkot proizvoda od maslina.
Tri godine kasnije napori su urodili plodom, Španjolska i Portugal su analizirali stvarni katastrofalni učinak na ptičji svijet mehaničkog branja maslina noću i došli do brojki od 30 do sto mrtvih ptica po hektaru. Konačno su krajem pretprošle i početkom prošle godine, nakon iznesenih dokaza i međunarodnog pritiska, noćne berbe usisavanjem privremeno zabranjene u španjolskim i portugalskim maslinicima.
U Španjolskoj je šumarski institut zatražio i da se pojačaju kontrole kako bi se osiguralo da maslinari poštuju odluku.
Tijekom istrage vezane uz usmrćivanje ptica tijekom noćnog branja maslina, ustvrđeno je i kako brojni maslinari mrtve ptice prodaju lokalnim hotelima koji ih nude svojim gostima što je, dakako, nezakonita rabota s obzirom da se nerijetko radi o ugroženim i zaštićenim vrstama ptica, a opasno je i za zdravlje ljudi.
Španjolska privremena zabrana noćnog usisavanja maslina ostat će na snazi dok ministarstvo poljoprivrede i ribarstva ne provede studiju o utjecaju takvog načina branja na populaciju ptica selica.
U Portugalu će se privremena zabrana obnavljati svake godine, ali zaštitnici ptica i okoliša smatraju kako zabrana treba biti trajna.
Francuska i Italija zasad ignoriraju ovu problematiku i ne slijede primjer svojih zapadnih mediteranskih susjeda.
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16. svibanj 2024 17:52
